Forms Airworthiness Certificates In addition to the registration certificate that indicates the ownership of an aircraft, an airworthiness certificate indicates the airworthiness of the aircraft. AC 21-12, Application for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate, FAA Form 8130-6, is a comprehensive guide for the completion of the application form for this certificate. There are two certificates: standard and … Read more
Precipitation Heat Treating The aluminum alloys are in a comparatively soft state immediately after quenching from a solution heat-treating temperature. To obtain their maximum strengths, they must be either naturally aged or precipitation hardened. During this hardening and strengthening operation, precipitation of the soluble constituents from the supersaturated solid solution takes place. The strength of … Read more
Air Transport Association A4A iSPec 2200 To standardize the technical data and maintenance activities on large and therefore complex aircraft, the A4A has established a classification of maintenance related actions. These are arranged with sequential numbers assigned to A4A chapters. These chapters are consistent regardless of the large aircraft that is being worked on. [Figure] … Read more
Aluminum Alloys In the wrought form, commercially-pure aluminum is known as 1100. It has a high degree of resistance to corrosion and is easily formed into intricate shapes. It is relatively low in strength and does not have the properties required for structural aircraft parts. The process of alloying generally obtains high strengths. The resulting … Read more
Section 65.3, Certification of Foreign Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers Normally, the FAA issues these certificates only to United States (U.S.) citizens or resident aliens residing in the United States. However, if the FAA determines that the issuance of a certificate to a person located outside of the United States is necessary for the operation … Read more
Advisory Circulars (AC) AC refers to a type of publication offered by the FAA to provide guidance for compliance with airworthiness regulations. They provide guidance such as methods, procedures, and practices acceptable to the Administrator for complying with regulations. ACs may also contain explanations of regulations, other guidance material, best practices, or information useful to … Read more
The first important consideration in the heat treatment of a steel part is to know its chemical composition. This, in turn, determines its upper critical point. When the upper critical point is known, the next consideration is the rate of heating and cooling to be used. Carrying out these operations involves the use of uniform … Read more
There are three methods of metalworking: hot working, cold working, and extruding. The method used depends on the metal involved and the part required, although in some instances both hot and cold working methods may be used to make a single part. Hot Working Almost all steel is hot worked from the ingot into some … Read more
There are four types of aircraft parts: The first of those listed represents properly authorized parts that, when properly installed, are approved parts, and the aircraft can be returned to service. The last of those listed represent unauthorized and unapproved parts. The technician should be alert for these and must never install them on an … Read more
The term “nonferrous” refers to all metals that have elements other than iron as its base or principal constituent. This group includes metals, such as aluminum, titanium, copper, and magnesium, as well as alloyed metals, such as Monel and Babbitt. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Commercially pure aluminum is a white lustrous metal, which stands second … Read more
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